STRATEGY · PASSED PAWN · COORDINATION

The passed pawn that changes files

Euwe turns a queenside breakthrough into a threat on c7. Max Euwe vs Alexander Alekhine, 1935.

18 minute studyIntermediate45 moves4 moments to think
Alexander AlekhineWhite to move
Max EuweStarting position
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Standard starting position. White to move.

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THE STORY BEGINS

Every piece has a part to play.

Euwe’s queenside pawns advance while Alekhine keeps active rooks. After exchanges on the sixth rank, White’s e-pawn becomes a dangerous c-pawn. Study how White coordinates the queen, rook and bishop around that change, and why a passed pawn can make a material offer practical.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
GAME BALANCE · WHITE’S PERSPECTIVE+0.37
Accessible evaluation values & provenance

Stockfish 17.1 · 75,000 nodes per position; 1,000,000 at key moments. Actual depth 12–21. Positive centipawns favour White; mate scores remain separate. Selective search is evidence, not proof.

Download complete engine evidence

The story behind the game

Euwe’s queenside pawns advance while Alekhine keeps active rooks. After exchanges on the sixth rank, White’s e-pawn becomes a dangerous c-pawn. Study how White coordinates the queen, rook and bishop around that change, and why a passed pawn can make a material offer practical.

Take these ideas to your next game

  1. Create a pawn target before advancing past it.
  2. Track a passed pawn through every capture.
  3. Use a knight jump to change the defender’s obligations.
  4. Calculate rook exchanges together with the resulting pawn advance.
Read the complete annotated game

Full game transcript, including the result and the answers. Original explanations by chessgames.info; game score from the sources below.

1 . d4
1 … Nf6
2 . c4
2 … g6
3 . Nc3
3 … d5
4 . Qb3
4 … dxc4
5 . Qxc4
5 … Be6
6 . Qb5+
6 … Nc6
7 . Nf3
7 … Rb8
8 . Ne5
8 … Bd7
9 . Nxd7
9 … Qxd7
10 . d5
10 … Nd4
11 . Qd3
11 … e5
12 . e3
12 … Nf5
13 . e4
13 … Nd6
14 . f4
14 … Qe7
15 . Be3
15 … Ng4
16 . Bxa7
16 … Ra8
17 . h3
17 … Rxa7
18 . hxg4
18 … Bg7
19 . Qe3
19 … Ra5
20 . f5
20 … Bf6
21 . a4
21 … Bh4+
22 . g3
22 … Bg5
23 . Qf3
23 … O-O
24 . b4
24 … Raa8
25 . Ra2
25 … Ne8
26 . Rb2
26 … Nf6
27 . Be2
27 … c6
28 . dxc6
28 … bxc6
29 . O-O
29 … Rad8
30 . Kg2
30 … Rd4
31 . b5

b5 challenges Black’s queenside structure. The recorded exchange cxb5 and axb5 leaves White with an advancing pawn on the b-file. Black’s rook remains active, so the breakthrough is useful only if White’s heavy pieces can support the resulting passer and keep the king safe.

31 … cxb5
32 . axb5
32 … Rb8
33 . fxg6
33 … fxg6
34 . b6

b6 ties Black’s rooks to an immediate queenside problem. The pawn attacks c7 and gains space near the rook on b8. Black responds by activating the queen on b7. Compare that counterplay with White’s knight route and rook entry squares before advancing the pawn again.

34 … Qb7
35 . Kh3
35 … Rd6
36 . Nd5

Nd5 changes the exchanges available in the centre. Black captures the knight in the recorded line and White recaptures with the e-pawn. That creates a white pawn on d5. Follow the pawn carefully: after the later rook exchanges on c6, it is this pawn that becomes the dangerous c-pawn.

36 … Kg7
37 . Rc2
37 … Nxd5
38 . exd5
38 … Rxb6
39 . Rc6

Qe4 is the strongest saved candidate. Euwe played Rc6, inviting the rook exchange and dxc6. The saved comparison prefers Qe4 first, with Rc6 appearing later in the principal variation. The historical offer still illustrates the passed-pawn idea, but it is not the required answer in this exercise.

39 … Rxc6
40 . dxc6
40 … Qe7
41 . Bc4
41 … Kh6
42 . Qh1
42 … Rb2
43 . Rf7
43 … Qe8
44 . c7
44 … Rc2
45 . Qb7

Result: 1-0. The recorded score ends here; it does not imply checkmate.

Think through the turning points

Move 31: Break open the queenside

Which pawn advance challenges the pawn on c6? In the game: b5. b5 challenges Black’s queenside structure. The recorded exchange cxb5 and axb5 leaves White with an advancing pawn on the b-file. Black’s rook remains active, so the breakthrough is useful only if White’s heavy pieces can support the resulting passer and keep the king safe.

Engine-supported alternatives

b5 cxb5 · +0.71 · depth 17

a5 Rxb4 Rxb4 Qxb4 a6 Qa5 Rb1 Rd8 Rd1 Rb8 · +0.63 · depth 17

fxg6 hxg6 b5 cxb5 axb5 Kg7 b6 Rb8 Rfb1 Rb7 Ba6 Rb8 · +0.25 · depth 17

Move 34: Push the passer

Which pawn move advances the b-pawn to the sixth rank? In the game: b6. b6 ties Black’s rooks to an immediate queenside problem. The pawn attacks c7 and gains space near the rook on b8. Black responds by activating the queen on b7. Compare that counterplay with White’s knight route and rook entry squares before advancing the pawn again.

Engine-supported alternatives

Nd5 · +1.66 · depth 18

b6 Qd7 Rfb1 Kh8 Rb5 Qd6 b7 Kg7 Kh3 Qe6 Rb6 Qd7 · +1.40 · depth 18

Ra1 Qc5 Ra6 Kg7 b6 Rd7 Na4 Qc1 Qc3 Qxc3 Nxc3 Kh6 · +1.38 · depth 18

Move 36: Use the central knight

Which knight move attacks the knight on f6? In the game: Nd5. Nd5 changes the exchanges available in the centre. Black captures the knight in the recorded line and White recaptures with the e-pawn. That creates a white pawn on d5. Follow the pawn carefully: after the later rook exchanges on c6, it is this pawn that becomes the dangerous c-pawn.

Engine-supported alternatives

Nd5 Kh8 Rfb1 Qg7 Kg2 Qd7 Qc3 Nxd5 exd5 Bf6 Qc7 Qd8 · +2.42 · depth 20

Rb5 Rxb6 Rxe5 Qg7 Kg2 Bd2 Nd5 Nxd5 Rxd5 Rb2 Qd3 Bb4 · +1.26 · depth 20

Na4 h5 Qb3+ Kg7 gxh5 Nxe4 Bf3 Qd7+ Bg4 Qe7 b7 gxh5 · +1.05 · depth 20

Move 39: Centralize before the rook exchange

Which queen move reaches e4 before the rook exchange? In the game: Rc6. Qe4 is the strongest saved candidate. Euwe played Rc6, inviting the rook exchange and dxc6. The saved comparison prefers Qe4 first, with Rc6 appearing later in the principal variation. The historical offer still illustrates the passed-pawn idea, but it is not the required answer in this exercise.

Engine-supported alternatives

Qe4 Re8 Rc6 Kh6 Bd3 Qa7 Qh1 e4 Ra1 Qb8 Bxe4 Kg7 · +0.97 · depth 16

Bd3 Rc8 Rxc8 Qxc8 Qf7+ Kh8 Be4 Rb7 Qf2 Kg7 d6 Rd7 · +0.31 · depth 16

Rc4 Rc8 · +0.22 · depth 16

Rc6 · +0.12 · depth 23

A CONNECTED IDEA

Follow the passed pawn after exchanges

Euwe’s e-pawn changes files, while Topalov keeps two central passers connected. Trace each capture and then compare the king’s role in supporting promotion.

Try it in Give the exchange to let two pawns run →

Pass the game on.

A good idea is even better shared.

Position images download as SVG. Exact links use saved, validated variations. Unsaved exploration links return to the main-game position.